infection

Challenges of SARS-CoV-2 and conflicting PPE guidelines

The early 21st century gave rise to two epidemics: between 2002–2003, a new deadly infectious disease known as SARS emerged, which was a global concern (da Costa et al, 2020). Ten years later in 2012,...

Paramedic use of PPE and testing during the COVID-19 pandemic

The fitting of PPE is pivotal to ensuring optimal protection and working conditions (Loibner et al, 2019..

Paramedics and pneumonia associated with COVID-19

The lungs have multiple protective mechanisms to prevent lower respiratory tract infections such as pneumonia. The curved, undulating nature of the upper airways creates a great deal of turbulence in...

The new coronavirus disease: what do we know so far?

As of 7 April 2020, there were more than 1 270 000 diagnosed cases of COVID-19 worldwide and over 68 000 confirmed fatalities (WHO, 2020b). At the same time, in the UK, there was a cumulative total of...

Hand hygiene compliance in the pre-hospital setting

Health professionals' compliance with hand hygiene remains a universal problem in health care (Gould et al, 2017; Sunley et al, 2018). While poor hand hygiene is prevalent in the inpatient and...

Infections of the heart and how they relate to the ambulance service

Pericarditis is the inflammation of the pericardium around the heart. Pericarditis can be broken down into two major groups that cause this disease: infectious (accounting for two thirds of the...