Delivery of DNs poses difficulties for a number of reasons. Firstly, clinicians only receive one chance to deliver a DN to family members, which is a cognitive challenge and gives no margin for error...
The use of the PICO technique (O'Connor et al, 2008) determined initial keywords around the topic and further synonyms were then generated. The chosen search strategy was ‘burns AND cool* AND outcome...
As the most serious cardiac rhythm disturbance, VF causes disordered cardiac electrical activity resulting in rapid, unsynchronised ventricular contractions, reduced pumping-action, collapse and...
Major trauma is a minor element of the total workload in emergency care, with estimations of less than 0.2% of the total workload (National Audit Office (NAO), 2010). Trauma such as dislocation,...
EtCO2 is the concentration of CO2 in exhaled air, and approximates the partial pressure of CO2 in arterial blood (PaCO2). Values of PaCO2 usually range between 4.6-6 KPa (Valente, 2010; Pantazopoulos...
This study used scoping review methodology which aimed to identify, map and review existing literature on a selected topic (Levac et al, 2010). The search was inclusive of both peer-reviewed research...
It is important to understand how the body is affected at the time of cardiac arrest and during the reperfusion that occurs following successful resuscitation. While achieving a ROSC in OHCA is not a...
Early studies on the management of spinal trauma paid close attention to how they defined secondary injury. In a case series from 1966, Geisler et al aimed specifically to determine the frequency of...
The focus of this review is to compare benefits of diazepam and lorazepam in the pre-hospital care setting. As there is limited evidence, the search criteria were widened to allow data from other...
Systematic searches identified 1 461 study abstracts which were evaluated against the inclusion/exclusion criteria for relevance. A total of 65 studies were potentially relevant and full texts were...
A systematic review methodology was used to examine primary research studies from a qualitative perspective, and gain insight into the feelings and perceptions of family members who witness an adult...