long term conditions

Diabetic ketoacidosis in paediatrics: tools to assist in recognition of a sick child

Diabetes is a disorder of carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism resulting from a lack of insulin or a reduction in its biological effects..

Non-invasive ventilation as a prehospital intervention for acute COPD exacerbation

The clinical forms of COPD are chronic bronchitis and emphysema, although guidelines discourage differentiation between the two forms when making a diagnosis (NICE, 2010). Chronic bronchitis is...

Oxygen titration therapy and hypercapnia risk in COPD

Evidence suggests that high amounts of oxygen administered to patients with COPD can lead to hypercapnia (high levels of arterial carbon dioxide), potentially resulting in respiratory acidosis (Perrin...

Pre-hospital management of pain associated with an acute sickle cell crisis

In 2004, the London Ambulance Service conducted a clinical audit of SCD patients. The review showed that subjective pain scoring was recorded poorly by crews and that eligible patients did not receive...

PTSD, available support and development of services in the UK Ambulance Service

A methodical literature search using well known related databases was undertaken to acquire access to a sufficient information pool, enabling the exploration and formulation of practice...

Frank's Sign as a clinical marker of cardiovascular disease

A diagonal earlobe crease (DELC) or Frank's Sign, has been linked with ischaemic heart disease since it was first described in 1973 by Dr. Sanders Frank (Frank, 1973). A classification system has...

An overview of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Each year approximately 6,000 new cases of HIV are diagnosed within the United Kingdom, adding to over 100,000 people who are known to be living with HIV (Skingsley et al, 2015; Terrence Higgins...

A review of a self-prescribed medication regime in undiagnosed diabetes

Details of the medications reviewed in this article can be found in Box 1..

A review of a self-diagnosed diabetic case study

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines diabetes as a:.

Potential use of amiodarone to treat new-onset AF in the pre-hospital setting

AF is frequently associated with structural abnormalities in the heart or cardiac disease, or may result from damage to the heart tissue itself, from thoracic surgery or coronary artery bypass grafts...

Impact of increasing obesity on primary health carers: an Australian perspective

The manual handling risks to paramedics and fire service first responders in Australia are significant but are not quantifiable; anecdotally there are injuries associated with incidents involving...