The heartbeat is initiated by an intrinsic electrical system composed of modified myocytes. These myocytes are organised into a group of spontaneously discharging pacemaker cells, situated in the...
Prior to the introduction of the MCA, emergency medical treatment given to an incapacitated adult was done using the doctrine of necessity. The doctrine of necessity is a concept in common law—this...
In the UK, ketamine is primarily used as an in-hospital anaesthetic agent; but when used in small doses, can be an effective and safe analgesic (Motov et al, 2015). Unlike morphine, ketamine maintains...
The importance of appropriate and timely clinical interventions such as PIVC is, when required, paramount for safe patient care. PIVC is noted as being an important clinical intervention in paramedic...
Dear Editorial Team,.
After completing this module, the paramedic will be able to:.
The term hyperventilation syndrome (HVS) was first mentioned in 1938 by Kerr et al who attributed their patients' tetany to hyperventilation associated with anxiety. Since then, the term has been...
The following medical literature databases were searched: Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED); British Nursing Index (BNI); CINAHL Plus; Cochrane Library; Medline; and PubMed. A range of...
CA is a skill using both the bell and diaphragm of a stethoscope on the praecordium to identify both normal and abnormal sounds emanating from the heart. This is part of a complete examination of the...
Electrocardiograms (ECGs) have become an integrated part of an ambulance clinician's toolkit, with thousands being performed each year (Brady et al, 2012). Invented in 1903 by Willem Einthoven, a...
