Pain management

Intravenous ketamine as an analgesia in prehospital adult trauma patients

The author independently chose to conduct a systematic literature review as it allows simultaneous searches of electronic databases while being the most effective method to find the best current,...

Fascia iliaca compartment block versus IV morphine for femoral fracture pain

A systematic review of the literature was conducted in compliance with the PRISMA statement (Moher et al, 2009). The review was performed on the following databases: CINAHL, Medline, AMED, PubMed,...

Pre-hospital management of pain associated with an acute sickle cell crisis

In 2004, the London Ambulance Service conducted a clinical audit of SCD patients. The review showed that subjective pain scoring was recorded poorly by crews and that eligible patients did not receive...

Efficacy and safety of methoxyflurane: managing trauma associated pain in UK SAR helicopter paramedic practice

The PRISMA system is the accepted methodology for systematic reviews; it is primarily focused on evaluating randomised trials and synthesising meta-analysis (PRISMA, 2015). It became apparent early in...

Appropriate pain assessment tools for use in patients with dementia in the out-of-hospital environment

Defining pain is complex; however, it is generally agreed to be an unpleasant, emotive and personal experience (Briggs, 2010; Steeds, 2013). Pain is generally split into two categories: nociceptive...

Pre-hospital coronary heart disease: Analysing performance indicators

Ischemic heart disease is a condition characterised by inadequate myocardial perfusion caused by reduced blood supply, increased myocardial oxygen demand, or both (Falk et al. 2011). Coronary heart...

Management of an isolated neck-of-femur fracture in an elderly patient

The femoral head and neck lie within the joint capsule of the hip joint, and the head of the femur moves within the acetabulum. The most common site of fracture is within the intracapsular region,...

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