Adán V, Crown LA Diagnosis and treatment of sick sinus syndrome.. 2003; 67:(8)1725-32
Abate E, Kusumoto FM, Goldschlager NF Techniques for temporary pacing., 2nd edn.. Philadelphia: Springer Science and Business Media LLC; 2008
Ballinger A, Patchett S Cardiovascular disease., 4th edn.. Edinburgh: Saunders Elsevier; 2007
Brady WJ, Swart G, DeBehnke DJ, Ma OJ, Aufderheide TP The efficacy of atropine in the treatment of hemodynamically unstable bradycardia and atrioventricular block: prehospital and emergency department considerations. Resuscitation. 1999; 41:(1)47-55
Brignole M, Deharo JC, De Roy L, Menozzi C Syncope due to idiopathic paroxysmal atrioventricular block: long-term follow-up of a distinct form of atrioventricular block. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011; 58:(2)167-73
Carroll EW, Curtis R Organization and control of neural function, 8th edn.. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009
Chadda KD, Lichstein E, Gupta PK, Choy R Bradycardia-hypotension syndrome in acute myocardial infarction. Reappraisal of the overdrive effects of atropine. Am J Med. 1975; 59:(2)158-64
Da Costa, Brady WJ, Edhouse J Bradycardias and atrioventricular conduction block. BMJ. 2002; 324:(7336)535-8
Davies J Legislation surrounding the administration of medicines by paramedics. Journal of Paramedic Practice. 2011; 3:(8)424-8
Deakin CD, Nolan JP, Soar J, Sunde K European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2010 Section 4. Adult advanced life support. Resuscitation. 2010; 81:(10)1305-52
Dobrzynski H, Boyett MR, Anderson RH New insights into pacemaker activity: promoting understanding of sick sinus syndrome. Circulation. 2007; 115:(14)1921-32
Galbraith A, Bullock S, Manias E, Hunt B, Richards A Fundamentals of Pharmacology: an Applied Approach for Nursing and Health. 2007;
Gibson T A practical guide to external cardiac pacing. Nurs Stand. 2008; 22:(20)45-8
Greaves I, Porter K Analgesia and anaesthesia.Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2007
Bashian GG, Wazni O Bradyarrhythmias, atrioventricular block, asystole and pulseless electrical activity, 3rd edn.. Baltimore: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009
Harbison J, Newton JL, Seifer C, Kenny RA Stokes Adams attacks and cardiovascular syncope. Lancet. 2002; 359:(9301)158-60
Holm H, Gudbjartsson DF, Sulem P, Masson G A rare variant in MYH6 is associated with high risk of sick sinus syndrome. Nat Genet. 2011; 43:(4)316-20
Ishida R, Shido A, Kishimoto T, Sakura S, Saito Y Prolonged cardiac arrest unveiled silent sick sinus syndrome during general and epidural anesthesia. J Anesth. 2007; 21:(1)62-5
Iyer V, Edelman ER, Lilly LS Basic cardiac structure and function. Pathophysiology of Heart Disease.. 2007; 1-28
Joint Royal Colleges Ambulance Liaison Committee (JRCALC). UK Ambulance Service Clinical Practice Guidelines 2006): Atropine. 2006a.
http//tinyurl.com/jr-ambguide (accessed 21 February 2012)
Joint Royal Colleges Ambulance Liaison Committee (JRCALC). UK Ambulance Service Clinical Practice Guidelines (2006): Cardiac Rhythm Disturbance. 2006b.
http//tinyurl.com/jr-amb-guide (accessed 21 February 2012)
Kanjwal K, Karabin B, Kanjwal Y, Grubb BP A case of mistaken identity: asystole causing convulsions identifed using implantable loop recorder. Int J Med Sci. 2010; 7:(4)209-12
Katz A, Lifshitz Y, Dinitz E, Kapri-Pardes E Selectivity of digitalis glycosides for isoforms of human Na, K-ATPase. J Biol Chem. 2010; 285:(25)19582-92
Keller KB, Lemberg L The sick sinus syndrome. Am J Crit Care. 2006; 15:(2)226-9
Khan IA Mechanisms of syncope and Stokes-Adams attacks in bradyarrhythmias: asystole and torsade de pointes. Cardiology. 2002; 99:(1)
Kim KO, Chung S, Lee K, Cho H Profound bracycardia with lidocaine during anesthesia induction in a silent sick sinus syndrome patient. J Clin Anesth. 2011; 23:(3)227-230
Klein MD, Barret J, Ryan TJ, Flessas AP Atropine dose in acute myocardial infarction in man. Cardiology. 1975; 60:(4)193-205
Ko DT, Hebert PR, Cofey CS, Curtis JP Adverse effects of beta-blocker therapy for patients with heart failure: a quantitative overview of randomized trials. Arch Intern Med. 2004; 164:(13)1389-1394
Kováts T, Wettstein A, Nagy E, Tomcsányi J Bradycardia can induce increased serum natriuretic peptide-level. Int J Cardiol. 2008; 123:(2)e43-e44
Kunert MP Stress and adaption, 8th edn.. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health and Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2009
Morrison LJ, Long J, Vermeulen M, Schwartz B A randomized controlled feasibility trial comparing safety and effectiveness of prehospital pacing versus conventional treatment: ‘PrePACE’. Resuscitation. 2008; 76:(3)341-349
National Institute for Clinical Excellence. Dual-chamber pacemakers For symptomatic bradycardia due to sick sinus syndrome and/or atrioventricular block. 2005.
www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/pdf/TA088guidance.pdf (accessed 12 February 2012)
Pelter MM, Carey MG Sinus node dysfunction. Am J Crit Care. 2009; 18:(6)585-6
Porth CM, Matfin G Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular System, 8th edn.. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/LippincottWilliams & Wilkins; 2009
Rolls HK, Stevenson WG, Lilly LSBaltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007
Scheinman MM, Thorburn D, Abbott JA Use of atropine in patients with acute myocardial infarction and sinus bradycardia. Circulation. 1975; 52:(4)627-33
Sherbino J, Verbeek PR, MacDonald RD, Sawadsky BV, McDonald AC, Morrison LJ Prehospital transcutaneous cardiac pacing for symptomatic bradycardia or bradyasystolic cardiac arrest: a systematic review. Resuscitation. 2006; 70:(2)193-200
Simonsen T, Aarbakke J, Kay I, Coleman I, Sinnott P, Lysa R Section III: pharmacology of organ systems.London: Hodder Arnold; 2006
Sodeck GH, Domanovits H, Meron G, Rauscha F Compromising bradycardia: management in the emergency department. Resuscitation. 2006; 73:(1)96-102
Thompson PL Calcium Channel Blockers.Australia: Elsevier, Chatswood; 2010
Tortora GJ, Derrickson BH The cardiovascular system: the heart, 12th edn.. Hoboken: John Wiley and Sons; 2009
Walthall J Cardiac emergencies.Edinburgh: Baillière Tindall Elsevier; 2008
Winters J Disorders of cardiac conduction and rhythm, 8th edn.. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health and Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2009
