Use of intranasal drug administration in the pre-hospital setting

Drug administration within the pre-hospital setting is currently seen via various routes. Oral, per rectal, intramuscular (IM) and intravenous (IV) are widely accepted for various drug delivery systems. Intranasal (IN) administration is something relatively new and currently relies on evidence–based practice to strengthen its use in the pre-hospital setting. The paramedic profession is progressing and using evidence–besed practice as a reliable and proven scientific route, studied by experts who evaluate evidence critically (College of Paramedics (CoP) 2008).

This article will explore the background of intranasal drug administration within the prehospital setting.There will be discussion around the pathophysiology of intranasal therapy, the different patient groups that would benefit and an awareness of the different types of drugs that could be used from intranasal drug delivery system. Strengths and limitations of intranasal will be reviewed through evaluating research and evidence based practice, while also incorporating arguments for comparison modes of administration, such as IM therapy. An insight regarding ethical issues and the paramedic's accountability will then be discussed before a formative conclusion is reached.