References
Paramedic use of PPE and testing during the COVID-19 pandemic
Abstract
COVID-19 is the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Paramedics are at the frontline of healthcare delivery, including during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The virus poses specific problems for paramedics. These involve treating and transporting infected patients, as well as considerations around decontamination and disinfection of ambulances and medical equipment. All respiratory infections should be considered COVID-19 until proven otherwise so paramedics should wear personal protective equipment (PPE). PPE consists of gloves, gowns, aprons, surgical face masks, protective eyewear and face shields. Paramedics should receive training and guidance on PPE so they can select and use it properly. The type and level of PPE used will depend on the level of protection required, and risk should be assessed. Widespread testing will give a clearer picture of the incidence and distribution of the virus.
The epidemic of the 2019 novel coronavirus (now officially called SARS-CoV-2) has expanded from its place of origin, Wuhan, in China to countries around the world (Lipsitch et al, 2020). SARS-CoV-2 is the virus that causes the disease known as COVID-19. Like other respiratory pathogens, including influenza virus and rhinoviruses, SARS-CoV-2 spreads primarily through droplets of saliva or discharge from the nose when an infected person coughs or sneezes (World Health Organization (WHO), 2020a). The incubation period for COVID-19 is thought to be within 14 days following exposure (Li et al, 2020) but most cases present approximately 4–5 days after exposure (Li et al, 2020).
Based on the evidence available, SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted between people through close contact and droplets, not by airborne transmission, unless the virus becomes aerosolised during a medical procedure, or through coughing and sneezing. The people most at risk of infection are those who are in close contact with a person who has COVID-19 or who care for patients with COVID-19 because of human-to-human transmission (WHO, 2020a; 2020b).
Subscribe to get full access to the Journal of Paramedic Practice
Thank you for visiting the Journal of Paramedic Practice and reading our archive of expert clinical content. If you would like to read more from the only journal dedicated to those working in emergency care, you can start your subscription today for just £48.
What's included
-
CPD Focus
-
Develop your career
-
Stay informed