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clinical skills
practice
paramedic
evidence
patient care

Paramedic practice in low light conditions: a scoping review

02 January 2023
Features
02 January 2023
Volume 15 · Issue 1

Abstract

Background:

Paramedics undertake visually demanding tasks, which may be adversely affected by low lighting conditions.

Aims:

The study aimed to: identify difficulties paramedics experience carrying out tasks in low light; and establish occupational health standards and adjustments that may improve working practices.

Methods:

A scoping review was undertaken informed by a professional panel of paramedics recruited through social media. A meta-analysis was conducted assessing visual acuity under different light levels.

Findings:

Difficulty in driving and in assessing/treating patients under low light conditions were reported. Sixty relevant studies were identified for review. Visual acuity reduces with decreasing luminance, causing increasing difficulties in performing critical tasks.

Conclusion:

Visual function testing can assess paramedics' visual health and ability to undertake critical tasks. Adjustments may help to improve conditions. Regular occupational health assessments could identify paramedics who need support. Further research should explore levels of visual function and practical adjustments needed for safe clinical practice.

Frontline paramedics working in the prehospital setting undertake visually demanding tasks in challenging environments, including driving under emergency conditions, assessing patients and implementing lifesaving treatment and interventions at variable light levels. The visual conditions within which these tasks must be undertaken are often far from optimal, and the success of critical tasks may be adversely affected by low luminance levels in dark surroundings and while working at night.

It is widely known that visual function decreases as light levels fall (Hiraoka et al, 2015). However, how this affects the ability of paramedics to undertake their role is hitherto unexplored. There are also no standardised regulations for provision of lighting equipment to support staff across different ambulance settings.

This study explored the impact of working in decreased light levels on paramedic practice and discussed modifications to reduce risk.

The review also aimed to identify the scope for evidence-based occupational standards and guidance for paramedic practice in low lighting conditions by identifying the key aspects of visual function that are affected.

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Paramedic
Emergency medical services
Ambulance
Driving
Low-luminance visual acuity
Night-time working